This vitamin participates in many biochemical reactions. It is extremely necessary for normal growth and development of human organism. Folacin produces stimulating effect on blood formation, increases assimilability of vitamin В12, and participates in synthesis of some amino acids. Deficiency of vitamin В9 is the most widespread form of vitamin insufficiency. It can cause anemia or even megaloblastic hyperchromic anemia, which is characterized by erythropoiesis disturbance and affection of white blood with the phenomena of leuko-and a thrombocytopenia. Folacin hypovitaminosis in pregnant women can lead to the disorder of mental development of the fetus. Frequently the prolonged insufficiency of vitamin В9 results in occurrence of various diseases of the organs of the abdominal cavity. The daily norm of folacin consumption for an adult person is 0.4 mg and twice more for pregnant women. This vitamin is found in many food products of animal origin such as liver and kidneys, as well as in products of vegetative origin such as leguminous plants, cabbage, beet, carrots, potatoes, leafy vegetables, and also in many fruit. There is much folacin in the yeast. It is necessary to note, that thermal culinary processing of foods reduces the content of vitamin in them because folacin in contrast to the majority of other vitamins of B group is destroyed by heating.

Vitamin РР (nicotinic acid or niacin)

This vitamin is a component of some oxidizing enzymes and is included in the coenzymes NAD and NADF, which enter into the composition of dehydrogenases. It participates actively in the redox processes as an electron carrier and is important for metabolism. Vitamin РР influences beneficially on the condition of nervous system and cutaneous covering. Acute niacin insufficiency results in development of such disease as pellagra, which can be translated as “a rough skin”. In this case not only changes of the tegument condition are detected, but also the disturbance of the intestinal activity is observed, as well as the derangements of the central nervous system activity in the form of mental deferred response. Vitamin deficiency causes the general increased weakness, drowsiness, fatigue, irritability, and sleeplessness. Symptoms of РР hypovitaminosis are lingering diarrhea, glossitis, disturbances of gastric juice secretion, dermatitis of face and open parts of the body, disorders of sensitivity and skin reflexes, adynamia, ataxia, irritability, and psychoses. In heavy cases dementia develops. Vitamin deficiency of the organism can be caused by an inadequate nutrition, for example, when consuming large amounts of products, such as corn, containing niacin in a bound state. Such kind of nutrition provokes pellagra development. The deficiency of the full value protein containing amino acid tryptophan, which is one of the most important sources of vitamin РР, and chronic diseases of the organs of the abdominal cavity also result in the development of hypovitaminosis РР. The daily norm of niacin consumption for an adult person is 15.0 mg. Vitamin РР can be found in bread produced from graham flour, cereals, kidney beans, peas, potato, meat, fish, byproducts, eggs, yeast, as well as in the some vegetables and dried mushrooms.

Importance of the liver for the organism

The liver is an extremely multipurpose organ and performs a great variety of functions. The liver absorbs various substances from the blood and releases waste materials and poisons. It is a useful reservoir of glycogen, vitamins, and minerals. The liver synthesizes many important proteins and enzymes. This organ takes part in the production of blood clotting factors such as prothrombin and fibrinogen, as well as the anticoagulant heparin. The liver removes the nitrogen of amino acids and uses it to create new proteins from carbohydrates and fats. Moreover, the liver can produce carbohydrate from fat and protein. The liver can as well create fat, store it and then discharge into the blood in the form of fatty acids used for energetic purposes. The liver takes part in cholesterol synthesis. The liver participates in endocrine function excreting various hormones such as estrogen and steroids. This organ also exerts immune functions owing to liver phagocytes that eliminate bacteria from the blood. The liver takes part in bilirubin metabolism and bile secretion. The liver activity produces a great amount of heat and in this way it regulates body temperature.

Diseases and conditions leading to liver enlargement

Liver enlargement is the most often symptom of liver diseases. The reduction of liver size is detected by physicians considerably less frequently. Liver enlargement can be caused by hepatocyte dystrophy, as it occurs, for example, in hepatoses and thesaurismoses; lympho-macrophage infiltration in acute and chronic hepatites, development of regeneration focuses and fibrosis in cirrhoses; stagnation of blood in heart insufficiency, phlebitis of hepatic veins, constrictive pericarditis; intrahepatic cholestasis in primary biliary cirrhosis of the liver and extrahepatic cholestasis in the diseases leading to the disturbances of bile outflow and the formation of secondary biliary cirrhosis; focal affections by tumors, cysts, and abscesses. The enlarged liver in some cases is already visible at the examination of the abdominal area as a tumor-like formation displacing with breathing movements in the right subcostal area or in the epigastric area. Long-term and substantial liver enlargement can lead to the deformation of the thorax; however, intercostal spaces are not usually filled in.

Methods for determining the liver size

Percussion of the organ gives rather approximate results. For determination of the liver sizes doctors find its top and bottom borders on parasternal, middle clavicular and anterior axillary to lines. In normal conditions the distance between the percussion top and bottom borders according to these lines makes 10-12, 9-11, and 8-10 cm. Besides this doctors also determine the left border of the hepatic dullness which in norm does not leave the left parasternal line.
Palpation gives more precise data. In 88 % of healthy people the lower edge of the liver can be palpated, it is of a soft consistence, painless, and smooth. In liver diseases it can be hard and sharp; in patients with cardiovascular blood stasis the edge is rounded; in neoplasm affection and parasitic diseases the edge is knobby.
The neoplasms of the gallbladder, colon, and the right kidney can be taken for the edge of the right liver lobe. Hepatoptosis can also simulate hepatomegaly. Lung emphysema, exudative pleurisy, and subdiaphragmatic abscess result in liver displacement to the bottom. To distinguish the true liver enlargements from these conditions, doctors use the palpation in various positions of the patient and survey roentgenoscopy of the abdominal cavity.
The rapid liver enlargement is typical for acute virus hepatitis and malignant tumors. The quick reduction of the organ, if it is not connected to taking of diuretic preparations in congestive heart failure, is indicative of the development of massive necroses and is bad prognostic sign.
Painfulness at palpation is particularly characteristic for the nutmeg liver, acute inflammatory changes, and as a rule it is connected to the stretching of the fibrous capsule. In chronic liver diseases the painfulness of the organ in palpation appears during the exacerbation of the process, cholangitis development, and suppurative complications. Visit to the doctor is in these cases is obligatory.

How do people cleanse the liver and what for?

Various metabolic disorders, disturbed motor function of biliary ducts or inflammation of bile-excreting ducts create conditions for bile stagnation, which can result in the formation of biliary sand, gallstones and promote the development of infection in this area. In such cases, the liver really needs cleansing, which is carried out by means of tubages. The tubages are special techniques promoting the bile evacuation from the biliary ducts and the gall bladder.
The tubages are carried out only after patient’s comprehensive examination because there are a number of contra-indications for their realization such as:

•      Acute or exacerbated chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract such as cholecystitis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, gastric ulcer and so on;
•      Tube tubages are contra-indicated in some diseases of the nasopharynx, gullet, serious forms of ischemic disease and hypertension, liver cirrhoses with esophageal varicose veins dilatation.

Liver cleansing with the tube tubages

Tube tubages are carried out by means of the duodenal intubation technique when the special duodenal tube is introduced into the duodenum. This method is used both for curative and diagnostic purposes of getting the bile for the laboratory examination.
Duodenal tube is an elastic, resilient tube of 5 mm in diameter and 1.4 – 1.5 m in length on which end a metal probing olive with openings is attached. Duodenal intubation for curative purposes is frequently combined with duodenal tube lavage.
The procedure is carried out on an empty stomach. At first, in the beginning of the procedure the duodenal content passes through the duodenal tube. It is a light yellow liquid composed of the bile with the pancreatic juice called the portion А. Then, doctors introduce the special medication promoting the opening of the gallbladder; usually it is 25 % sulfate of magnesium. After the period of 5-25 minutes the dark brown liquid called gallbladder bile (portion В) is released from the duodenal tube. The last portion is the lighter hepatic bile, which is released from the hepatic biliary ducts.
After the full emptying of the gallbladder and biliary ducts, the duodenal irrigation with the mineral water warmed up to 35-45˚C is carried out. The sort of the mineral water depends on a level of the gastric juice acidity. The tube tubage is usually carried out once a week within 6 weeks; after a monthly break the course is repeated.

Liver cleansing by means of tubeless tubages

When carrying out the tubeless tubages, the patient is lying on the bed or a couch on the right side with half-bent knees and given to drink a cholagogue agent during half an hour. For the activation of the biliary excretion doctors place a hot-water bag on the right hypochondrium (area of the liver). The procedure lasts from 1.5 to 2 hours. Such a tubage may be performed once or twice a week during two or three months.
The combination of tube tubages (once a week) and tubeless tubages (twice a week) is very effective. In case of the reduction of the motor activity of the gallbladder these procedures can be carried out for years; it will prevent the bile stagnation, formation of stones and inflammatory processes in this area.

Cholagogic agents that can be used for tubeless tubages

Different warmed cholagogic agents can be used for tubeless tubages:
•      One or two glasses of mineral water;
•      One glass of 25 % sulfate of magnesium;
•      Two glasses of the rosehip decoction or the decoction of corn stigmata;
•      Two yolks spread with a tablespoon of sugar or ½ of a tablespoon of honey;
•      A tablespoon of honey in a glass of warm water.
Performing the liver purification, it is necessary to remember that this procedure is contra-indicated in the exacerbation of any disease.

Aetiology and pathogenesis

Doctors describe atopic and infectious-allergic forms of the asthmatic bronchitis. In young children the sensitization to food, drug and bacterial allergens may become significant cause of the development of the asthmatic bronchitis. At more advanced age, the increased sensitivity to house, pollen, and fungal allergens plays the essential role. The development of atopic form of the asthmatic bronchitis is determined by IgE-mediated allergic reactions. In the pathogenesis of the infectious-allergic form of the asthmatic bronchitis the leading part is plaid by cellular-mediated immune pathologic reactions; however, in some children with this form of the disease doctors detect the participation of IgE-mediated mechanism. The development of the asthmatic bronchitis is promoted by hereditary predisposition to allergic reactions and diseases as well as recurrent viral and bacterial inflammatory diseases of respiratory system.

Clinical picture of asthmatic bronchitis

The basis for clinical manifestations of the asthmatic bronchitis is composed by the disorder of bronchial airway patency, but unlike the bronchial asthma the obstructive troubles of breathing in asthmatic bronchitis are less expressed or are not observed at all. The disease may be preceded by the allergic rhinitis, paroxysmal cough occurring more often at night, and the subfebrile rise of body temperature. Then, an insignificant dyspnea of expiratory type appears; some children experience the breathlessness of a mixed type. At the top of the illness exacerbation, doctors detect significant amount of heterogeneous bubbling rales and moderate quantities of dry rales in the lungs. Above the lung area doctors detect bandbox resonance of the percussion sound. At the roentgenologic examination doctors find pattern attenuation in lateral lung areas and its accentuation in the medial areas. The acute period of the asthmatic bronchitis lasts from 10 to 25 days. The disease has the recurrent course. Some children with asthmatic bronchitis develop clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis and nettle rash.
The diagnosis of asthmatic bronchitis is based on taking into account the data of the anamnesis and examination of the child, including carrying out of the allergic diagnostics.
The prognosis is favorable if the treatment is adequate and started early. The transition to bronchial asthma is possible in children with a polyvalent sensitization.

Treatment of asthmatic bronchitis

In all cases of the asthmatic bronchitis the elimination of significantly causal allergens is carried out. In the acute period of an asthmatic bronchitis doctors prescribe symptomatic preparations such as berotec, salbutamol, aminophylline, and mucolytic agents. For the prevention of the disease exacerbations doctors can use cromolyn sodium, zaditen, histaglobulin, allergoglobulin, and antiallergic immunoglobulin. Acupuncture, electro-acupuncture, laser therapy may be effective for the treatment. During the remission of the disease specific immune therapy with significantly causal allergens is carried out. The rehabilitation programs for children with the asthmatic bronchitis include observance of sparing allergic regimen, respiratory and physical exercises, massage of the thoracic, training, and sanatorium treatment.

Treatment of the status asthmaticus

This treatment is carried out in the conditions of the intensive care unit or in the specially equipped hospital rooms. Doctors carry out the rehydration infusing large volumes of isotonic solutions under the control of the level of the central venous pressure and urination, the correction of electrolytic aberrations such as hypokaliemia, normalization of blood acid-base balance in case of the respiratory acidosis development with blood рН higher than 7,30 by means of sodium hydrocarbonate introduction. The infused solutions are heparinized, but it is more convenient to inject heparin solutions hypodermically by 5000-10000 IU every 6 hours. Doctors prescribe expectorant agents; parenteral treatment with bromhexine or ambroxol is preferable. Slow in-line oxygen therapy to support the oxygen pressure in the arterial blood above 60 mm Hg is also carried out

Doctors also use bronchial spasmolytics such as aminophylline in an initial dose of 6 mg/kg. The medication is introduced by means of drop infusion intravenously during 15-20 minutes, and then in a supporting dose of 0.6 mg/ (kg•h). In serious heart diseases, cardiac rhythm disturbances, accompanying liver diseases both initial and supporting doses of aminophylline are reduced by half. Moreover, when calculating the initial dose of aminophylline it is necessary to take into account previous therapy. Adrenergic bronchodilators are contra-indicated in the metabolic form of the status asthmaticus, but in anaphylactic form of the status asthmaticus one can introduce intravenously aminophylline 0.5-1 ml of 5 % solution or alupent in a dose of 0.5 mg (1 ml of 0.05 % solution).

The most frequent causes of asthma and allergy may be:

• Pollen of trees and particularly pollen of grasses.
• House dust and especially the particles of the smallest mites living in bedding.
• Hair, dander and epidermis of animals.
• Molds.
• Medications and foods; however, the mechanism of their action is not always allergic.

Pollen as the cause of asthma and allergy

During the spring and summer periods, when pollen of grasses and trees is flying in the air, some people experience the condition resembling “common cold” sometimes accompanied by a raise of temperature. This condition is the result of the increased sensitivity of the organism to the pollen flying in the air during the period from the end of May up to the end of July. The allergy is manifested by sneezing, lacrimation, rhinitis, sometimes with the complete obstruction of nasal breathing, as well as attacks of asthma and allergy. It is rather difficult to avoid the contact to plant pollen. One could recommend leaving for a while the areas where the offending allergen is encountered until it disappears from the air, but it is seldom realizable. Other less drastic measures in asthma and allergy may, nevertheless, become more effective. It is necessary to remain at home in dry, windy weather; to keep far away from uncut grass and hay; to keep the car windows closed when driving and the bedroom windows shut within all night.

Asthma and allergy as a result of the contacts with animals

Some pets may cause numerous troubles to asthmatics. Children are more often inclined to the development of asthma and allergy to animal fur and dander than adult people; it is particularly true for children also suffering from eczema. Most frequently the asthma and allergy are caused by short-haired cats and dogs. At the same time animal males are more dangerous to sensitive people than females. One should also take into account guinea-pigs and hamsters, though signs and symptoms of the increased sensitivity to these animals are usually observed only after a rather long-lasting contact. Horses can also become the source of the asthma and allergy and not only when the patient is in the circus or is riding the horse, but also in case of using of horse hair in clothes, in household goods, and mattresses.

Asthma and allergy to the house dust

The most frequent and widespread allergens are those found in the house dust. The composition of this dust varies and depends on the presence of animals, books, house mites in the house. Particular importance and allergenic potential have microscopic mites living in bedding, upholstered furniture, carpets, and places where the pets are kept. The mites are especially viable in damp premises during a warm season of the year.

Diagnosis of the allergy

As a rule, allergists and experts in asthma ask the patient to pass skin tests. Schematically the essence of these tests consists in the following: a drop of a solution containing potential allergen, such as pollen, animal fur, and dust is placed on the skin and a small skin prick is made under this drop. In 15 minutes the test is read. The occurrence of itching redness shows whether the patient suffers from the allergy to the tested substance or not.

The obtained information confirms or rejects the presence of an allergy and suggests what kind of allergens should be avoided. Skin tests are very valuable from the diagnostic standpoint, but there are some patients for whom they are contra-indicated. Then, the diagnosis is established by means of special tests with patient’s blood invested in a test tube.

At the detection of a reaction to particular allergens, some patients are recommended to undergo a special long-term desensitizing treatment with the injections of very small doses of this allergen. This kind of treatment is carried out only by allergists according to the indications defined by them.

Heartbreaking data about Venus’s curses

Looking at the demoralizing data concerning sexually carried diseases we can tell that their being in itself is a depressing condition. Venus’s curses (STDs) are infectious diseases that might be acquired by practicing unlimited sex with a legion of infected patients. Sexually transmitted diseases may be stirred by various micro organisms, frequently viruses and bacteria, but they may also be induced by lice such as pubic lice. To name only a few of these distressing states:

• Lues is stimulated by Treponema pallidum
• Gonorrhoea is called forth by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)
• Trichomoniasis is plagued by Trichomonas vaginalis
• Pubic Louse is put forward by Phthirus pubis
• Genital herpes is evoked by Herpes viruses types I and II
• Condyloma Acuminatum are called forth by different strains of Papillomavirus
• Clamidiosis is brought up by Chlamydia
• Bacterial Vaginosis is called forth by Gardnerella vaginalis
• Chancroid is put forward by Hemophilus ducreyi
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is commonly plagued by gonococcus or Chlamydia
• Hepatitis B is stirred by Hepatitis B virus 12. AIDS is evoked by HIV

These are also worrying data about VD. Speaking of grounds, we may find numerous disheartening data of Venus’s curses too.

Dispiriting data about causal agents of Cupid’s itches

Medicos attract attention to the fact that unleashed sexual practice at young age could lead to venereal infections. If you practice a lot of sex with unknown partners it increases the probability of becoming infected with one or even numerous sexually transmitted diseases. Unprotected sexual activity could likewise extremely frequently result in venereal infections. Persons might also become infected as result of asexual contagions, as happens with trichomoniasis. In this case not only coitus, but as well using the same towels, wet clothing, and watery can seats may result in STDs.

Worrying data of venereal diseases and usual symptoms of lustfully communicated infections

At the prime levels of sexually transmitted diseases, there may be no symptoms or clinical manifestations could be common to many other illnesses. For example, sufferers could undergo influenza-like signs and symptoms such as fever, cephalalgia, pains in muscular tissues and articulations, and their lymphatic glands may become swelled. The diseased people could suffer from pruritus and produce discharge from the vagina, penis, and rectum. They could likewise get pain sensations or incinerating aesthesis while micturition and carnal knowledge. Representatives of fair sex once in a while suffer from hurting in the abdomen, males suffer from pains in testicles; both males and fair sexes could develop painfulness in butts and lower extremities. Vesicles, receptive irritation, rashes, and varied protrusions can come along in the genitalia, approximately to anus, in and around the mouth. Small, violet-purple, once in a while similar to cauliflower verrucae often produce the clinical picture of genital warts close to the venereal and anal surface areas.

What does it mean to freeze genital warts?

Techniques of cure to freeze genital warts are intended for eradication of the warts without scar formation. These techniques comprise the applying of acids, other chemical substances that melt the wart, cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen to freeze genital warts, and surgical removal. Genital warts are also treated with the topical podophyllin applications. Cryotherapy is a treatment by means of freezing cold to freeze genital warts and demolish the living cells. Genital warts are among the frequent skin affections cured by cryotherapy. Doctors confirm that to freeze genital warts is the art of curing grounded on using very low temperatures created by liquid nitrogen. The rule to freeze genital warts is to do away with them completely. The theory and practice to freeze genital warts puts forward the necessity of destruction of living cells as well as the viral particles inside them.

Why it is good to freeze genital warts by means of cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen?

Surgeons affirm that sexually transmitted diseases are a troublesome health condition. Left without treatment, they could result in a lot of negative results and sometimes even death. To freeze genital warts provides for easement and treatment of a great many problems related to Venus’s curses and as a matter of fact is deprived of any side-effects. Doctors explain that the curative measures that they exercise in their activity work on the body as a whole. It implies that mental condition and emotions as well as natural state of the organism are taken into account. Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen to freeze genital warts assuages wild-eyed tension and fears resulted from wasteful spicy experience and Cupid’s affection. Cryotherapy to freeze genital warts with liquid nitrogen also shakes up the defensive immune response and narrows the chance of recurrences of the warts retaining them under control condition. Cryotherapy to freeze genital warts with liquid nitrogen may improve somatic and emotive wellbeing ameliorating bodily condition and mental health.

Several words about Cupid’s itches (VDs or STDs)

VDs or STDs are the illnesses transferred by erotic physical contact. Doctors suggest that the illnesses at first involve the reproductive and genitourinary systems, but may likewise bear upon the rima oris or rectum if the oral or anal sex activities are being practised. Afterwards, some other organs and systems can also become affected. STDs are provoked by viruses, other micro organisms like bacteria and even insects. Among the most frequently happening sexually transmitted diseases are genital warts, herpes genitalis, yeast infection, lues, gonorrhea, pubic lice infestation, Chlamydia infection, hepatitis, PID and AIDS. Social diseases are getting more and more essential owing to their precipitating dissemination. The peril of acquiring Venus’s curses increases if the victims feature numerous sexual mates or do not utilize safes. Quite often teenagers, young people and adult individuals are touched by one or even several venereal diseases at the same period. Once in a while the persons do not even understand that they are affected by VD, however, they may transmit them to other different persons.

Skin transformations at the beginning stages of genital warts

Doctors define the verruca acuminata at the beginning stages of genital warts as aberrant dermal and mucosal outgrowths. These skin transformations are the outcomes of virus affection of the skin and mucosal membranes. Different lines of the Human Papilloma Virus are able to pervade the tegument and mucosal membranes at the beginning stages of genital warts by means of small traumas and give rise to challenging cell alterations with the clinical picture of condyloma acuminatum. Condyloma acuminatum provoked by the Human Papilloma Virus at the beginning stages of genital warts may look like innocuous outgrowths and protrusions on the dermis and mucosal surfaces. These swellings can be pain-free and often people do not devote care to them. Notwithstanding this, taking into account that the biologic process of viral replication continues, immense danger of disease transmission associated with beginning stages of genital warts may be possible. In this instance the probability of the wart dispersion grows considerably and soon medical practitioners may find numerous skin elements in the affected areas at the beginning stages of genital warts. Therefore, if the process of verrucose spreading commences and they start diffusing, verrucae appear in various new surface areas of the organism even at the beginning stages of genital warts. Affected people with the verrucae at the beginning stages of genital warts complain of itch, haemorrhages and heavy discomfort in the affected spheres. The warts can become crimson and patients find out the embarrassing and unpleasant smell. Doctors attract attention to the fact that frequently these signs and clinical picture could appear being deprived of any visible verrucae at the beginning stages of genital warts. On the contrary, it is also possible that there are no painful sensations or itching on the skin surfaces of verrucose settlement at the beginning stages of genital warts. At the beginning stages of genital warts they are tender, dampish, rose or ashy swellings. They frequently constitute flocks resembling cauliflower and develop fast in the dewy and tepid conditions. Sometimes it may be troublesome to make diagnosis of the disease at the beginning stages of genital warts since they could be nearly occult. Still, even in a hard-to-expose condition beginning stages of genital warts are dangerous because verruca acuminata are highly infectious and can become the source of transmission for some other persons.

What to do with condyloma acuminatum at the beginning stages of genital warts

In case if the defensive immune system functions in good order, the resistant forces of the organism frequently are able to reject the viral infection by natural action. The verrucae might even go away deprived of whatsoever treatment. Nonetheless physicians state that it is extremely crucial to diagnose the verrucae at beginning stages of genital warts since verruca acuminata, if they are not processed, may lead to dangerous affections like cervix malignant neoplastic disease. The situation is aggravated by the condition that in some cases the signs and clinical manifestations of venereal warts are well-nigh undistinguished at the earlier phases and the patients do not ask for medical assistance. Simultaneously, they remain infectious and there exist perpetual risk of conveying the contagion to the aroused better halves and likewise the jeopardy of non sexual transmission of the disease.